Pink Sheets StocksIf you are interested in penny stocks you

Pink Sheets Stocks
If you are interested in penny stocks you are sure to hear about the Pink Sheets. It is an electronic quotation system for many Over-The-Counter (OTC) securities. The name comes from the colour of the paper the quotes were originally printed on. Today the Pink Sheets publishes quotations on the Internet, and most of its listings are so-called penny stocks.

Penny stocks are securities that are less than $5 in value. Although they can be traded on regular stock exchanges, companies that are listed in the Pink Sheets usually do so because they cannot meet the requirements of other exchanges like the NYSE and Nasdaq. The Pink Sheets has no listing requirements - even companies with no financial history can be listed.

The Pink Sheets is not a registered stock exchange. As such, it can list companies that would otherwise be unable to raise capital through stock offerings. Although it is not regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) its trading system is only accessible by brokers licensed by the National Association of Security Dealers (NASD) and these brokers are required to follow NASD regulations. Companies which issue stock listed in the Pink Sheets must follow Federal and State security laws.

As an unregulated exchange, stocks listed in the Pink Sheets carry more risk than stocks on the big exchanges like AMEX. The lack of financial data means that companies may be facing bankruptcy and are issuing stock in a last ditch effort to stay afloat. Not all companies are in dire straights, however. Some may be in the process of becoming listed on the regular exchanges and use the Pink Sheets as an intermediate step to raise capital.

To get listed in the Pink Sheets a company needs a broker dealer to quote the stock. The only requirement is that the broker is a member of the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD). Once listed, the company remains in the Pink Sheets as long as the stock is quoted. It can happen that a stock that no longer exists still is quoted in the Pink Sheets - a situation that highlights the need for researching any company that lists here.

The main advantage of buying Pink Sheet securities is their low cost. Investors who hope to get in on a new company right at the beginning can pick up stock for literally pennies. In the event that the company does well and grows the small initial investment will pay large dividends.

There is a very real risk, though, that the company will simply vanish, leaving behind valueless stock issues. The investor interested in penny stock in the Pink Sheets should be prepared to lose all. For this reason, Pink Sheet investments should represent only a small portion of an overall investment portfolio.

Another risk to the investor is the lack of liquidity of Pink Sheet listings. Volume is generally quite low and finding a buyer for stock may be difficult. The seller may have to settle for a much lower price than anticipated in order to unload his shares.


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PIP: What Is It?A good automobile insurance policy includes several

PIP: What Is It?
A good automobile insurance policy includes several elements: personal property liability, uninsured motorist coverage, collision coverage, bodily injury liability, comprehensive coverage and personal injury protection (PIP). Some of these elements are mandated by the state and others are optional. Collision coverage pays for damages to a vehicle when it collides with another vehicle or object, even if the policyholder is at fault. Comprehensive coverage protects the policyholder in the event that his or her vehicle is stolen, vandalized, harmed by an act of nature or otherwise damaged. Both of these plans are always optional and very expensive.

The bodily injury and personal property liabilities are required by all U.S. states in one form or another; where the states differ greatly is in the minimum guaranteed payout that is set for each. For example, in Alaska, a driver is required to carry coverage that has a guaranteed minimum bodily injury payout of $100,000. In Florida, a driver is only required to carry coverage worth $10,000.

Elements of an auto insurance policy that may or may not be optional are: uninsured motorist coverage and PIP. Uninsured motorist coverage protects the policyholder in case he or she is involved in an accident with someone who is uninsured - it provides the coverage that would have been supplied by the other driver. PIP, in the event of an accident, pays for the medical expenses and other miscellaneous damages incurred by the policyholder and his or her passengers (or if the policyholder is an injured pedestrian). Carrying PIP is mandatory in: Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oregon and Utah.

Who Needs PIP?

Even if PIP is optional in your state, you may still want to consider purchasing the coverage. In the event of an accident, PIP will pay approximately 80% (depending on coverage limits) of the costs of the policyholder and passengers. These costs include medical bills, lost wages and other miscellaneous expenses. PIP is a no-fault policy, so it will cover you and your passengers, even if the accident was your fault.

PIP, sometimes referred to as Medical Payment Insurance or Medpay, is a no-fault coverage for two reasons. First, the fact that fault does not have to be ascertained saves time and therefore allows medical payments to reach the injured parties as quickly as possible. Second, it saves everyone from the cost of lawsuits being filed in order to prove who is responsible for an accident and therefore responsible for the bills. The only time a PIP policy might allow for a lawsuit is in case of very serious injury or death.

Before you purchase PIP, go through your current policies and determine whether or not the coverage offered by PIP is duplicated anywhere else. For example, the cost of medical bills and lost wages may be recovered through an existing health insurance policy. If this is the case, then you may need minimal PIP or none at all. Your driving behavior will also help determine whether or not you need PIP. Do you carry passengers on a regular basis? While your health insurance might cover your own medical expenses, it won't cover those of your passengers (unless they are family members who are on your health plan). Ask your regular passengers about their own health coverage and its limitations. If they are uninsured or underinsured, you need PIP in order to cover them. That may not seem like such a fair deal (especially if you're the one driving an office car pool), but the safety of any passenger riding in your car is ultimately your responsibility.

How Much PIP Coverage Do You Need?

If you live in a state that requires PIP, then the minimum amount you must carry has already been decided for you. If you live in a state where PIP is not required, however, you might decide that you need the extra coverage anyway. How much coverage do you need? Well, to a large extent, that depends on where you are in life. If you are middle-aged or older, have good health insurance and liability policies, and then you will need minimal PIP coverage. If, on the other hand, you are young, just starting out and still don't have much in the way of health and liability insurance, you will want to protect yourself and your future by carrying as much insurance as you can afford. This is especially true if you have young children or if you consistently carry others in your vehicle.


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